Detailed Sampling for Process Modeling: Common Pitfalls and Lessons Learned

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) process models, created using simulation software packages are increasingly important tools in the wastewater industry for the evaluation, design, and operation of WWTPs. Model effectiveness depends highly on the degree of calibration, which in turn relies on the amount and quality of data available. Often, it is necessary to perform additional sampling to gather sufficient data for model calibration. This detailed sampling is often costly, but is critical to a successful project. Proper planning and coordination must be done in advance to ensure all the necessary information is collected in a cost-effective manner. This paper will provide general guidelines for planning and implementing a successful sampling event, address several common issues pertaining to sample collection and analysis, and present case studies to demonstrate lessons learned.