lastID = -291045
Skip to main content Skip to top navigation Skip to site search
Top of page
  • My citations options
    Web Back (from Web)
    Chicago Back (from Chicago)
    MLA Back (from MLA)
Close action menu

You need to login to use this feature.

Please wait a moment…
Please wait while we update your results...
Please wait a moment...
Description: Access Water
Context Menu
Description: Book cover
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES
  • Browse
  • Compilations
    • Compilations list
  • Subscriptions
Tools

Related contents

Loading related content

Workflow

No linked records yet

X
  • Current: 2020-02-01 00:34:18 Administrator
  • 2020-02-01 00:34:17 Administrator
Description: Access Water
  • Browse
  • Compilations
  • Subscriptions
Log in
0
Accessibility Options

Base text size -

This is a sample piece of body text
Larger
Smaller
  • Shopping basket (0)
  • Accessibility options
  • Return to previous
Description: Book cover
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES

INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES

INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES

  • New
  • View
  • Details
  • Reader
  • Default
  • Share
  • Email
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • New
  • View
  • Default view
  • Reader view
  • Data view
  • Details

This page cannot be printed from here

Please use the dedicated print option from the 'view' drop down menu located in the blue ribbon in the top, right section of the publication.

screenshot of print menu option

Description: Book cover
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES
Abstract
Today's environment is placing more and more pressure on wastewater treatment plant owners to control forms of nitrogen in their discharges. The reasons for this pressure range from the threat of acute aquatic toxicity caused by un-ionized ammonia, to the need to control eutrophication and to protect drinking water supplies from nitrate. As a result of the Clean Water Act passed in the early 1970s, many plants in the United States were designed to remove conventional pollutants. Consequently, secondary treatment processes addressed the control of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS).As the pressure to upgrade the wastewater treatment facilities to nitrogen control mounts, municipal utilities and industrial waste treaters are faced with the need for substantial capital improvements to implement biological control measures. Consequently, the industry is faced with the questions of:What processes/technologies are available that can nitrify or nitrify and denitrify?Which technology is most inexpensive, both to construct and to operate, and how readily can it be incorporated into the current operation?How reliable are the candidate technologies/processes?Will nitrogen control present a complicated operating challenge?Although many options are available, one process is emerging as a viable candidate for upgrading existing plants: the integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. This paper explains what it is, why it is a viable option, describes its development, presents performance information from pilot and full-scale facilities, and presents information on its cost.
Today's environment is placing more and more pressure on wastewater treatment plant owners to control forms of nitrogen in their discharges. The reasons for this pressure range from the threat of acute aquatic toxicity caused by un-ionized ammonia, to the need to control eutrophication and to protect drinking water supplies from nitrate. As a result of the Clean Water Act passed in the early...
Author(s)
Terry L. JohnsonJames P. McQuarrieAndrew R. Shaw
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
SubjectSession 4: Meeting the Challenges of Full-Scale Implementation of Hybrid Fixed Suspended Growth Processes (IFAS and MBBR); European and North American Case Studies
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Jan, 2004
ISSN1938-6478
SICI1938-6478(20040101)2004:16L.296;1-
DOI10.2175/193864704784147214
Volume / Issue2004 / 16
Content sourceWEFTEC
First / last page(s)296 - 318
Copyright2004
Word count251

Purchase price $11.50

Get access
Log in Purchase content Purchase subscription
You may already have access to this content if you have previously purchased this content or have a subscription.
Need to create an account?

You can purchase access to this content but you might want to consider a subscription for a wide variety of items at a substantial discount!

Purchase access to 'INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES'

Add to cart
Purchase a subscription to gain access to 18,000+ Proceeding Papers, 25+ Fact Sheets, 20+ Technical Reports, 50+ magazine articles and select Technical Publications' chapters.
Loading items
There are no items to display at the moment.
Something went wrong trying to load these items.
Description: Book cover
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES
Pricing
Non-member price: $11.50
Member price:
-291045
Get access
-291045
Log in Purchase content Purchase subscription
You may already have access to this content if you have previously purchased this content or have a subscription.
Need to create an account?

You can purchase access to this content but you might want to consider a subscription for a wide variety of items at a substantial discount!

Purchase access to 'INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES'

Add to cart
Purchase a subscription to gain access to 18,000+ Proceeding Papers, 25+ Fact Sheets, 20+ Technical Reports, 50+ magazine articles and select Technical Publications' chapters.

Details

Description: Book cover
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES
Abstract
Today's environment is placing more and more pressure on wastewater treatment plant owners to control forms of nitrogen in their discharges. The reasons for this pressure range from the threat of acute aquatic toxicity caused by un-ionized ammonia, to the need to control eutrophication and to protect drinking water supplies from nitrate. As a result of the Clean Water Act passed in the early 1970s, many plants in the United States were designed to remove conventional pollutants. Consequently, secondary treatment processes addressed the control of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS).As the pressure to upgrade the wastewater treatment facilities to nitrogen control mounts, municipal utilities and industrial waste treaters are faced with the need for substantial capital improvements to implement biological control measures. Consequently, the industry is faced with the questions of:What processes/technologies are available that can nitrify or nitrify and denitrify?Which technology is most inexpensive, both to construct and to operate, and how readily can it be incorporated into the current operation?How reliable are the candidate technologies/processes?Will nitrogen control present a complicated operating challenge?Although many options are available, one process is emerging as a viable candidate for upgrading existing plants: the integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. This paper explains what it is, why it is a viable option, describes its development, presents performance information from pilot and full-scale facilities, and presents information on its cost.
Today's environment is placing more and more pressure on wastewater treatment plant owners to control forms of nitrogen in their discharges. The reasons for this pressure range from the threat of acute aquatic toxicity caused by un-ionized ammonia, to the need to control eutrophication and to protect drinking water supplies from nitrate. As a result of the Clean Water Act passed in the early...
Author(s)
Terry L. JohnsonJames P. McQuarrieAndrew R. Shaw
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
SubjectSession 4: Meeting the Challenges of Full-Scale Implementation of Hybrid Fixed Suspended Growth Processes (IFAS and MBBR); European and North American Case Studies
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Jan, 2004
ISSN1938-6478
SICI1938-6478(20040101)2004:16L.296;1-
DOI10.2175/193864704784147214
Volume / Issue2004 / 16
Content sourceWEFTEC
First / last page(s)296 - 318
Copyright2004
Word count251

Actions, changes & tasks

Outstanding Actions

Add action for paragraph

Current Changes

Add signficant change

Current Tasks

Add risk task

Connect with us

Follow us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Connect to us on LinkedIn
Subscribe on YouTube
Powered by Librios Ltd
Powered by Librios Ltd
Authors
Terms of Use
Policies
Help
Accessibility
Contact us
Copyright © 2024 by the Water Environment Federation
Loading items
There are no items to display at the moment.
Something went wrong trying to load these items.
Description: WWTF Digital Boot 180x150
WWTF Digital (180x150)
Created on Jul 02
Websitehttps:/­/­www.wef.org/­wwtf?utm_medium=WWTF&utm_source=AccessWater&utm_campaign=WWTF
180x150
Terry L. Johnson# James P. McQuarrie# Andrew R. Shaw. INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES. Alexandria, VA 22314-1994, USA: Water Environment Federation, 2018. Web. 3 Oct. 2025. <https://www.accesswater.org?id=-291045CITANCHOR>.
Terry L. Johnson# James P. McQuarrie# Andrew R. Shaw. INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES. Alexandria, VA 22314-1994, USA: Water Environment Federation, 2018. Accessed October 3, 2025. https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-291045CITANCHOR.
Terry L. Johnson# James P. McQuarrie# Andrew R. Shaw
INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS): THE NEW CHOICE FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL UPGRADES IN THE UNITED STATES
Access Water
Water Environment Federation
December 22, 2018
October 3, 2025
https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-291045CITANCHOR