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Description: High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and...
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification
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Description: High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and...
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification

High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification

High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification

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Description: High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and...
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification
Abstract
Biological phosphorous removal (bioP) and denitrification both require soluble carbon and bioP specifically requires volatile fatty acids (VFAs). An external carbon source can be added to the treatment process to achieve bioP and denitrification, however this adds capital cost and increases carbon footprint. Ideally, carbon that is naturally present in raw wastewater can be transformed and redirected for these biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. High rate activated sludge (HRAS) or A-Stage systems are run at relatively short SRTs to create an intensified process that removes some chemical oxygen demand (COD) through ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs). The primary purpose of A-Stage systems is to capture carbon as WAS. Because HRAS systems are run at short SRTs, the readily biodegradable COD present in the raw influent is largely consumed by OHOs before reaching downstream BNR processes in B-Stage. One solution to this issue is to redirect the A-Stage WAS into a fermenter to produce VFA. The VFA produced by the fermenter can be used as a carbon source for bioP and denitrification in a B-Stage BNR process. Another advantage of this is that the VFA fed into the BNR process is controlled as opposed to being reliant on the A-Stage effluent COD (McCullough, 2020). While primary sludge fermentation has been studied extensively, studies on A-Stage WAS fermentation are relatively scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the factors which most impact a side-stream A-Stage WAS fermenter. Factors primarily taken into consideration include the characteristics of the influent A-Stage WAS, the fermenter SRT, and the fermenter pH.
In order to supplement volatile fatty acids (VFA) for biological nutrient removal (BNR) in a pilot scale adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) process, A-Stage waste activated sludge was thickened and fermented; the resulting VFA-rich thickener supernatant was then fed to a downstream BNR step including a side-stream biological phosphorus removal reactor. This study explored the factors that impacted fermenter performance with respect to VFA yield as well as VFA speciation. It was found that fermenter solids retention time (SRT) was the primary driver of fermenter performance, where fermenter SRT positively correlated with fermenter performance for the range of SRTs the reactor ran at.
SpeakerPatel, Anand
Presentation time
11:40:00
11:50:00
Session time
11:00:00
12:00:00
SessionTo Ferment or Not to Ferment: Experiences with Carbon Management, Addition, and Generation for Nutrient Removal
Session number418
TopicFacility Operations and Maintenance, Municipal Wastewater Treatment Design, Nutrients
TopicFacility Operations and Maintenance, Municipal Wastewater Treatment Design, Nutrients
Author(s)
Anand Patel
Author(s)A.H. Patel1; K. McCullough1; C. Wilson2; S. Klaus2; K.G. Malin2; C.B. Bott2; A. Gu2;
Author affiliation(s)Civil and Environment Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY1Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA2
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Oct 2021
DOI10.2175/193864718825158132
Volume / Issue
Content sourceWEFTEC
Copyright2021
Word count15

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Description: High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and...
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification
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Description: High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and...
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification
Abstract
Biological phosphorous removal (bioP) and denitrification both require soluble carbon and bioP specifically requires volatile fatty acids (VFAs). An external carbon source can be added to the treatment process to achieve bioP and denitrification, however this adds capital cost and increases carbon footprint. Ideally, carbon that is naturally present in raw wastewater can be transformed and redirected for these biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. High rate activated sludge (HRAS) or A-Stage systems are run at relatively short SRTs to create an intensified process that removes some chemical oxygen demand (COD) through ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs). The primary purpose of A-Stage systems is to capture carbon as WAS. Because HRAS systems are run at short SRTs, the readily biodegradable COD present in the raw influent is largely consumed by OHOs before reaching downstream BNR processes in B-Stage. One solution to this issue is to redirect the A-Stage WAS into a fermenter to produce VFA. The VFA produced by the fermenter can be used as a carbon source for bioP and denitrification in a B-Stage BNR process. Another advantage of this is that the VFA fed into the BNR process is controlled as opposed to being reliant on the A-Stage effluent COD (McCullough, 2020). While primary sludge fermentation has been studied extensively, studies on A-Stage WAS fermentation are relatively scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the factors which most impact a side-stream A-Stage WAS fermenter. Factors primarily taken into consideration include the characteristics of the influent A-Stage WAS, the fermenter SRT, and the fermenter pH.
In order to supplement volatile fatty acids (VFA) for biological nutrient removal (BNR) in a pilot scale adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) process, A-Stage waste activated sludge was thickened and fermented; the resulting VFA-rich thickener supernatant was then fed to a downstream BNR step including a side-stream biological phosphorus removal reactor. This study explored the factors that impacted fermenter performance with respect to VFA yield as well as VFA speciation. It was found that fermenter solids retention time (SRT) was the primary driver of fermenter performance, where fermenter SRT positively correlated with fermenter performance for the range of SRTs the reactor ran at.
SpeakerPatel, Anand
Presentation time
11:40:00
11:50:00
Session time
11:00:00
12:00:00
SessionTo Ferment or Not to Ferment: Experiences with Carbon Management, Addition, and Generation for Nutrient Removal
Session number418
TopicFacility Operations and Maintenance, Municipal Wastewater Treatment Design, Nutrients
TopicFacility Operations and Maintenance, Municipal Wastewater Treatment Design, Nutrients
Author(s)
Anand Patel
Author(s)A.H. Patel1; K. McCullough1; C. Wilson2; S. Klaus2; K.G. Malin2; C.B. Bott2; A. Gu2;
Author affiliation(s)Civil and Environment Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY1Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA2
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Oct 2021
DOI10.2175/193864718825158132
Volume / Issue
Content sourceWEFTEC
Copyright2021
Word count15

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Anand Patel. High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification. Water Environment Federation, 2021. Web. 5 Aug. 2025. <https://www.accesswater.org?id=-10077918CITANCHOR>.
Anand Patel. High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification. Water Environment Federation, 2021. Accessed August 5, 2025. https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-10077918CITANCHOR.
Anand Patel
High Rate Activated Sludge Fermentation as a Carbon Source for Sidestream BioP and Denitrification
Access Water
Water Environment Federation
October 20, 2021
August 5, 2025
https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-10077918CITANCHOR