Improved Settleability in a BNR Process From Hydrocyclone-induced Biomass Granulation

Sludge granulation is a leading edge topic at the intersection of two of the most important goals in wastewater biological nutrient removal: process intensification to achieve more capacity from existing infrastructure, and reduction in energy requirements as a means for plants to become net energy positive. This paper presents the results to date of a full-scale implementation of sludge granulation by implementing hydrocyclones to separate and retain the heavier biomass fraction of waste activated sludge (WAS) to promote the formation of granular, rather than floccular structures in mixed liquor.