Optimization of Water Distribution Systems in Puerto Rico Integrating Regional Operation with Hydraulic Model

The Puerto Rico Water and Sewer Authority (PRASA) selected pressure management as a key strategy to reduce its physical water losses, about 50% of its system input volume, since high pressures abound in the urbanized coastal areas. A pressure optimization project was established in fiscal year 2007–08 to bring down pressures to the 30–50 psi range in 17 study sectors. Hydraulic models were converted to the H2OMap software, validated with operational data, water demands, and field measurements. Models were calibrated and study sectors were analyzed to recommend immediate actions for reducing pressure and solving operational problems. The optimization project was successful in significantly reducing pressure, water loss, consumption and leakage repair activities, and energy costs (through the elimination of pump stations and wells); it also saved water for re-distribution to deficient areas. In the Metro Region, average pressure decreased from 72 psi to 42 psi and the elimination of a pump station saved about 18 million over 20 years.