Purpose Despite the installation of full capture trash systems, trash still remains a visible pollutant on Southern California beaches. This presentation highlights the various trash capture systems implemented throughout the region and demonstrates the importance of selecting the right kind of system for each area. Every year, millions of tons of plastic enter our rivers and oceans. Some estimate that there are over 170 trillion plastic particles in the ocean weighing over 3.5 million kilograms, and rapidly increasing since 2005. If no action is taken, plastic will increasingly impact our ecosystems, health, and economies. Here in Southern California, locals and tourists alike take pride in the easily accessible beaches along the coast. Trash discharge accumulates near the beach and becomes a public nuisance, creates harmful environmental impacts, and increases the cost associated with cleanup. The Ocean Cleanup estimates that marine plastic costs the US 290 million dollars in costs associated with impacts to fisheries, government clean up, and reduced tourism activities. While municipalities often have solid waste management programs, around 80% of the trash pollution that ends up in the ocean originates from land. This debris comes from a variety of sources such as littering and extreme weather events, and often ends up in rivers or storm drains that outlet to the ocean. Southern California has a combination of natural rivers and stormwater channels, which both convey storm flows from inland regions towards the ocean. With those flows is an increasing amount of trash and debris. Stantec has evaluated and installed various Regional Trash Capture Technologies, such as the Ocean Cleanup's Trash Interceptor in Los Angeles' Ballona Creek and the Trash Wheel in Orange County's Newport Bay. The deployment of these trash capture systems could be replicated in other waterways where trash remains an issue, and the evaluation methods, environmental considerations, and benefits will be important to consider for each unique situation. Environmental Considerations Installing a trash capture device requires extensive consideration of potential environmental impacts. The existing waterways must be well understood from a hydrologic perspective as well as an ecologic understanding. The river can change from riverine flows to intertidal zones near the ocean, and ecology can vary from the riverbank to the riparian zones to the clearwater in the middle of the river. Various flora and fauna can be affected by any changes made to the waterway, and the potential of effects of a trash capture device should be evaluated early on, such as: -Physical encroachment on existing habitats - Noise, light, thermal, or odor pollution -Vector control -Water quality effects -Changes in flows A variety of regulations and permitting may also need to be considered. In California, relevant agencies included the Coastal Commission, Regional Water Quality Control Boards, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, US Department of Fish and Wildlife. For the two case studies, both were located near protected environmental areas. Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve is located upstream and along the banks of the Ballona Creek in which the Trash Interceptor is stationed. The Newport Trash Wheel is located just upstream of the Upper Newport Bay Nature Preserve. Reducing trash in close proximity to protected natural areas has clear environmental benefits, but there were also considerations made to ensure the impact of the capture devices to the protected areas were minimal. System Evaluation Existing Conditions To evaluate what trash capture system a site should deploy, an analysis of the location's hydrologic and hydraulic conditions should be conducted. This would take into consideration local factors, such as precipitation, runoff, tidal influences, land use types, expected flow rates, and watershed analyses, depending on the location of the intended trash solution. Different categories of land use correlate to different predicted amounts and types of trash and debris. Trash Capture Types A variety of trash capture devices exist and should be deployed depending on site conditions. These include in-line screens, nets, underground hydrodynamic separators, floating trash collectors, among others. For smaller flow applications, such as in tributaries, in line screens or nets may be the more cost-effective method to collect trash before flowing to a main waterway. Trash collectors are logical for a wide waterway where the collector has space to intercept trash flowing downstream using trash booms or arms during storm events. The site also needs space for emptying the trash bins aboard the collector. Where there is less real estate available on the surface of the water, screens or underground installations may be better suited. For example, both the Newport Trash Wheel and the Ballona Creek Interceptor have surface water available for a floating collector, as well as nearby areas where the collector can be 'docked' to facilitate emptying the containers on the collector itself. Benefits Aside from feasibility, it's prudent to understand the cost-benefit ratio of implementation The device is meant to alleviate costs, not further burden municipalities, and an analysis should be done to ensure that the unmanned devices, with minimal maintenance needs, are more cost efficient than solely relying on the intense maintenance of manually removal. When comparing trash capture systems, removal efficiency may also play a factor in system selection. Funding could also be leveraged by businesses interested in contributing to off-setting their trash contributions; for example, a food and beverage company contributed funds to the Ballona Creek Interceptor project. For more visible trash capture systems, community input will also be a key factor, as there may be impacts to recreational activities, or just the aesthetic of a permanent, visible solution. At times, having a visible trash capture device publicly demonstrates how progress is being made towards reducing trash on beaches and harbors, and can act as an educational opportunity in addition to its reduction of pollution. Conclusion Trash will continue to be an issue on the coastlines until more is done to reduce the volume of trash being produced. These innovative and effective trash capture technologies should be considered temporary solutions to solve an issue fueled by the current culture of overconsumption and plastic use. Until those habits are challenged and changed, trash capture devices will be an effective way to reduce the amount of trash flowing into the ocean. As various jurisdictions work towards policy changes towards a more sustainable future, these trash capture devices are a unique solution that can be implemented on the regional scale now. The combined effects of these distributed solutions can lessen the global damage of trash pollution. Status The projects shown in the case studies are completed, and another evaluation is underway. The Ballona Creek Interceptor is currently deployed. The Newport Trash Wheel is expected to be complete this year.

Objectives The Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) provides nearly 40 percent of Michigan's population with water, as well as effective and efficient wastewater services to nearly 30 percent of the state. A total of 2.9 million customers are served by a combined sewer system that consists of large interceptor sewers, pumps stations, remote combined sewer overflow treatment facilities and a 1,700 MGD wastewater resource recovery facility. The system operates continuously to deliver and treat dry and weather sewer flows in accordance with required regulations. Some of the larger sewer pipes can be more than 17 feet in diameter and extends more than 191 miles. Large storm events in recent years have resulted in flooding to areas of the system. GLWA conducts routine outreach activities to discuss and educate stakeholders on the design, capacity and operational characteristics of their system. The purpose of this GLWA public outreach project was to develop an educational document that helps member partners and residents understand the limits and the complexity of the regional system and how it works in dry and wet weather conditions. This presentation will focus on the process used to develop the outreach material describing the team of specialists, process for identifying messaging and talking points, development of scripts and graphics, and final production of a mini-documentary. Status The mini-documentary required the creation of figures, audio, video, interviews and animation graphics. Engineering data was developed to compare and scale the hydraulic, flow, volume and power requirements that are required to operate the large sewer and wastewater treatment system. The final educational material consisting of a 12-min video (https://www.glwater.org/where-does-the-water-go-video/) was developed with form and content that stakeholders as young as a 5-year-old individual can understand. A sample of the content is presented in Figure 1. The content of the engagement media includes background on the GLWA organization and system, details of how residential plumbing is connected to the sewer system, and understanding of how flow is conveyed through local streets to the interceptors, and understanding of the regional collection system and treatment facilities operate, and an understanding of how residents can help the system work better. Methodology The process to assemble the mini-documentary was implemented over an 8 month period. GLWA contracted with an engineering consultant, Wade Trim, to work with a Detroit based documentary firm, FirstFight, to collaborate on the development of the outreach deliverable. A team was assembled that included a combination of engineers, public outreach specialists, documentary film makers, script writers, voice specialists, graphic and animation artists, production staff, and experts at GLWA in various aspects of the system. An interactive team consisting of representatives of GLWA and a consulting team met routinely over an 8 month period to present ideas, gain feedback and iteratively prepare a script, storyboards and final outreach production materials. Research was conducted on existing public outreach materials, interviews with key GLWA staff and visits to sewer and treatment plant facilities to understand better the nature and characteristics of the sewer system. The concept for the production focused on identifying the story that was being told & introducing the characters and history, discussing the problem and then presenting solutions and possibilities. The audience was identified as wide ranging and included residents, business owners and community representatives with the ability for people as young as 5-years old to understand the concepts. The tone of the production (serious, conversational, light-hearted, etc.) was also a key driving aspect along with the intent to deploy on social media and websites. Script development began with four general areas and required the development of messaging and talking points that told a story about the sewer system. An initial concept was identified by GLWA and messaging was developed by the project team. Major outcomes were for residents to residents to understand how sewer system works, realize that storm occur that can flood the system and that the system is not designed to handle all storms, and to convey to residents what they can do to help. Once the script was developed, a storyboard was developed to identify visual elements that would support the narrative. Videos were taken of major elements of the sewer system that could be used as features or background graphics in the production. Focus was on interviews of key staff on location at facilities. The engineering team worked with animation specialists and graphic artists to convert sewer maps and facility concepts into visuals that were simple and readily understood by residents. Professional voice specialists further enhanced the narration portions of the story. Final production brought all of the elements together into a single 12 minute video that could be easily posted online on the GLWA website for use with public meetings and access to all residents. Findings The engagement media has been presented at numerous stakeholder meetings and discussions on how the sewer system operates and is currently posted on the GLWA website. The process determined that an effective outreach media could be developed and deployed in a short period of time. The purpose of this presentation will be to discuss the approach used to develop an award winning public outreach video on the GLWA wastewater collection system and operations and share lessons learned.

The City of Chester, an Environmental Justice (EJ) community in Delaware County within the Philadelphia metropolitan area, has long faced economic and environmental challenges. Veterans Memorial Park, a historic green space, holds potential for providing much-needed recreational opportunities for the community. However, frequent flooding, prolonged standing water, invasive species, and vegetation loss have led to the park's decline. Historically, an urban stream flowing through the park was piped due to urbanization, contributing to the current flooding issues. Runoff and groundwater are now directed through a combined sewer system, which regularly overflows due to inadequate capacity, inundating the park and exacerbating the situation with shallow groundwater. Over time, the park has been abandoned by the community. In response, HDR proposed a transformative solution: daylighting the piped stream and creating a large retention basin. The surrounding area will feature walking trails, scenic overlooks, picnic areas, gathering spaces, native plants, and educational signage. Funded by a grant from the PA State Revolving Fund (PENNVEST) and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the project is currently under construction and scheduled for completion in April 2025. This presentation will share the project's journey from conception to execution, focusing on design and construction challenges, water quality improvements, and the community co-benefits resulting from the revitalization of Veterans Memorial Park.

Introduction In Naperville, staying informed about local weather and river conditions is crucial for municipal stakeholders and residents. When this data is combined and accessible, it can provide better insights in Flood Monitoring, Stormwater Management, and improve Emergency Response. The City of Naperville has created a dedicated website and customized monitoring dashboard that offers an innovative solution to help staff and residents stay prepared and make informed decisions. This case study explores how this user-friendly, publicly available resource benefits the community in correlation with remote monitoring and IoT systems. Understanding the Resources The Naperville Rainfall and Flood Monitoring website provides real-time information on rainfall and river levels in Naperville, connected through remote monitoring technology and with real-time data accessibility through an API service (ADS PRISM), and including publicly available data source. This website features easy-to-read charts and maps, ensuring residents can quickly grasp current conditions. By offering accessible data, Naperville aims to enhance public safety and improve quality of life for its residents. By leveraging an ESRI ArcGIS Hub, an easy-to-configure cloud platform that organizes people, data, and tools to accomplish initiatives and goals, users have access to a 14-Day rainfall summary chart, to review rainfall summary totals and offering accessibility to download the rainfall dataset directly. Additionally, users have access to a simplified River Gauge Height visualization tool, providing utility employees and residents the most recently recorded river height at the Jefferson Street Bridge at the DuPage River, which is displayed in feet above mean sea level. A simplified 'flood staging' chart is also available, showing historical and real-time river height and compared to various flood staging setpoints. Residents can expand these analytics by accessing a Monitoring Dashboard built with Microsoft Power BI, which provides enhanced visualization of rainfall, river height, influent wastewater flow meters tributary to the DuPage River. This monitoring dashboard can also be used to view historical data from the available monitoring site and to visualize rainfall and river height together. Benefits to Residents The website and monitoring dashboard provide numerous benefits to residents such as: 1.Enhanced Public Safety --Flood Awareness: Residents can monitor river levels to anticipate potential flooding. Early warnings allow families to take necessary precautions, protecting homes and belongings. --Travel Planning: Up-to-date rainfall data helps drivers avoid waterlogged roads, reducing the risk of accidents and travel delays. 2.Informed Decision-Making --Outdoor Activities: Whether planning a picnic, a hike, or a bike ride, knowing the latest weather conditions ensures outdoor activities are safe and enjoyable. --Gardening and Agriculture: Home gardeners and local farmers can use rainfall data to manage watering schedules, promoting healthy plant growth, and conserving water. --Proactive Utility Management: City staff can use this resource to be proactive and with understanding which areas of the City may be 'at risk' during large storm and rainfall events & especially in areas that could be impacted by rising river levels. 3.Community Engagement --Public Awareness: By providing accessible data, the website fosters a well-informed community that actively participates in local safety and sustainability initiatives. --Education: Schools and community groups can use the website as a teaching tool, helping students learn about weather patterns, environmental science, and civic responsibility. The Role of ADS Environmental Services ADS has assisted in this project by providing the backbone monitoring and IoT technology, offering data that makes the website a reliable resource. Their expertise in environmental monitoring and data analysis ensures that the information is accurate, timely, and easy to understand. By leveraging ADS's technology through a modern and accessible API, Naperville can offer its residents a customized and valuable tool for everyday decision-making and long-term planning, and community engagement. Conclusion Naperville's Rainfall and Flood Monitoring website is more than just a tool; it is a vital resource that enhances safety, supports informed decisions, and fosters community engagement in Naperville. By providing real-time, accessible information by ADS, the city empowers its residents to lead safer, more informed, and more connected lives. Additionally, this tool can be quickly and easily replicated by other utilities, using commonly available tools, APIs, and software resources that are likely already being leveraged by municipal owners and staff.

Introduction The efficient operation of sewer collection systems is crucial for maintaining public health and environmental quality. Blockages in these systems can lead to severe consequences, including sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), property damage, and increased maintenance costs. These incidents can disrupt communities, pose health risks, and strain municipal resources. Therefore, early detection and accurate identification of blockages are essential for preventing these adverse effects and ensuring the smooth operation of sewer infrastructure. Traditional methods of detecting blockages often rely on reactive approaches, such as responding to complaints or visible overflows. However, these methods are not sufficient for proactive maintenance and prevention. With advances in technology, new approaches integrating machine learning and data analytics have emerged, offering significant improvements in the accuracy and timeliness of blockage detection. Machine learning, in particular, has shown great promise in the field of blockage detection. By analyzing large datasets from various sources, including sensor data, maintenance records, and weather patterns, machine learning algorithms can identify patterns and anomalies that indicate potential blockages. This predictive capability allows for early intervention, reducing the likelihood of SSOs, flooding and minimizing the impact on communities. Typical blockage detection approaches (using anomaly detection methods or forecasting methods) are point-based detection approaches. However, a blockage forms and evolves over time. Furthermore, traditional approaches don't take into account factors such as blockages evolving during a rainfall-event and the effect that can have on the return back to baseline levels. This study aims to present a data-driven approach to detecting blockages in real-time through a time-series data annotation method called matrix profiling and state-based monitoring approach to triggering alerts. Compared to neural network based forecasting approaches or autoencoders, matrix profiling is easier and faster to train and requires less historical data. A state-based triggering approach allows us to monitor the evolution of a blockage, particularly during wet-weather, and trigger alerts based on a probabilistic approach. Methods Time-series sensor data for depth and rainfall were collected in New Bedford, MA. The city's sewers consists of 254 miles of pipes, 72 CSO regulators, and 27 CSO outfalls. Data was gathered from 94 locations for depth and 3 rain gauges for rainfall (Figure 1). Maintenance data, including SSOs and blockages, was also used to validate model predictions. Matrix profiling using time-series motifs was used to detect blockages in real-time while a state-based triggering method was used to detect changes due to rainfall and monitor evolution of a blockage to trigger alerts. This will allow the model to shift from a sleep state to a monitoring state (change in levels indicating a potential blockage) to a trigger state (blockage detected) depending on the evolution of the data in real-time (Figure 2). Results & Discussion The blockage detection model uses a distance-based matrix profiling approach to detect blockages. Distances are calculated against 'motifs' which are blockage patterns generated through a synthetic blockage generator which allows us to generate blockage data with varying characteristics. Blockages are, by definition, relatively rare occurrences in a sewer utility. The motifs allow us to generate synthetic data that resembles blockages but also allows us to add actual blockage data as motifs. Figure 2 shows an example detection of blockage using the matric profiling approach. Even accounting for rainfall-based changes in depth, the model is able to detect a blockage within 40 minutes of the blockage developing. The full presentation will outline details of the models along with more detailed results along with details in the state-based event detection and classification methods. We will also show results for validation against actual detected blockages and performance, in terms of time to detection and accuracy of detection. The complete work is to be completed by February 2025.

Sewer capacity planning involves a detailed assessment of the sewer system's ability to accommodate current and future flows, including wet weather peak flows. This is translated into requirements for surcharging pipes, manhole freeboard and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Historically, capacity planning has been conducted using hydraulic modeling software like SWMM, Infoworks ICM, and others. However, the use of these models is restricted by the need for hydraulic modeling expertise, the cost of the software, and the expense of hiring skilled experts. With an increasing demographic shift away from major cities to towns with smaller infrastructure, issues with sewer capacity are becoming more prevalent. These smaller towns often lack the resources and expertise to effectively manage their sewer systems. To this end, the adoption of innovative technological solutions that simplify the process of sewer capacity planning is necessary. This presentation will discuss the current state-of-the-art in capacity planning and discuss the importance of modernizing the capacity planning methods to suit current needs. We will also present case studies of modernizing capacity planning for utilities and show examples of how utilities can create end-to-end workflows to simplify their sewer permitting, and capacity planning and make data-backed decisions on the permit requests ensuring adequate level of service and complying with state and federal regulations. Capacity analysis is a critical element of sewer permitting. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, providing an intuitive interface for utility engineers and staff to perform capacity analysis and review results while leveraging their hydraulic model using information from permit applications can enable utilities to make decisions on permit applications based on data rather than judgement. Once a permit is approved (Figure 3), it is critical that this flow is accounted for in future capacity reviews. This is typically performed manually and is hard to keep track. However, using digital workflows, all approved permits can be automatically added to the hydraulic models to enable capacity review based on approved capacity usage. Hydraulic models provide precise simulations of wastewater flows and system behavior. However, they are complex, require flow monitoring and are expensive to calibrate. Hence, model development is typically only performed on larger diameter pipes and do not include the smaller pipes. This means that capacity review using hydraulic models is limited and not comprehensive. We will also discuss the development of a hybrid modeling approach wherein a small pipe model using pipe fill equations is connected to a hydraulic model to enable simultaneous evaluation of all pipes in the collection system.

In 2023, floods and flash floods caused around 2.1 billion U.S. dollars' worth of property and crop damage across the United States. Though many of these floods were caused by a single factor (e.g. extreme rainfall, coastal storm surges), compound events pose even more severe threats to communities by combining the impacts of storm surge, tides, and high river flows. The effects of sea level rise and changes to extreme rainfall event probability due to climate change are already causing underestimation of the flood risk, and that risk will only increase as global temperatures rise in the future. This requires that flood studies now incorporate potential compound events, as well as projecting future changes to probability due to climate change. Flood damage can be caused by one of three types of flooding. 1. Pluvial Flooding: when extreme rainfall causes runoff to exceed the collection system capacity 2. Riverine Flooding: when extreme rainfall causes river elevations to exceed bank and flood wall elevations 3. Coastal Flooding: a combination of high tides and storm surge. Floods in coastal and riverine environments are frequently subject to dual causes. In rivers discharging to coastal areas, storm surge and sea levels combined with high river discharge can result in widespread flooding of low-lying areas, but also can prevent storm sewers from discharging, resulting in pluvial flooding in more inland, higher elevation areas. In areas adjacent to tidally influenced rivers away from the coast, the same dual effect can be seen due to riverine flooding and exacerbated pluvial flooding. The dual cause study examined in this paper calculates flooding in a tidal river discharging to another tidal river. Flood elevations are subject to extreme upstream discharge from the upriver watershed, compounded by tides and extreme elevations of the receiving tidal river. This study shows that floods arising from multiple, simultaneous causes interact in complex ways, leading to significantly higher flood elevations and damage compared to floods driven by a single cause. Assessing joint probabilities is crucial for understanding the likelihood of flooding in various contexts, such as: coastal areas (where storm surge and pluvial flooding coincide), tidal riverine areas (where high river flows combine with tidal surges), and inland river areas (where high river flows and pluvial flooding intersect). By integrating joint probability analysis with practical methodologies to assess climate change impacts, it is possible to better estimate flood elevations and probabilities leading to better adaptation, planning and flood protection design. Vine Street in Philadelphia, PA, experienced severe flooding during Hurricane Ida in 2021. The Schuylkill River is tidally influenced as it is a tributary to the tidally influenced Delaware River. Flooding occurred at a location where tidal influences, storm surge, and the discharge in both the tributary and main river all contributed to historic flooding on Vine Street. Hurricane Ida highlighted the importance of accounting for all potential contributors to flooding, especially under a future with higher sea levels. It demonstrated that flood probabilities based on multiple factors are significantly higher than those calculated using the more common approach of considering a single cause. This study addressed the complexity of assessing flood probability at a site exposed to extreme riverine flows, tidal effects, storm surges and sea level rise. It was designed to evaluate site specific flood probabilities and elevations, incorporating a copula-based joint probability analysis to assess compounded flood risk. Utilizing historical data, future projections and defined flood thresholds, an innovative method yielded actionable insights, including probabilistic water elevations under current and future scenarios that are being used to assess flood protection measures. The key finding of the study was that assuming flooding is caused by only one factor can result in a significant underestimation of current flood risk. An initial estimate of the return interval for the critical flood elevation that caused overbank flooding at Vine Street was made using upstream discharge probabilities and a HEC-RAS model to estimate resulting flood elevations in the tidal section of the river. Even with a conservative downstream boundary condition for the model, the return interval for the critical flood elevation of 14 feet due to high flows emanating from the Schuylkill River watershed was estimated to be about 20-years. Although tidal surge on the receiving Delaware River does not cause elevation increases anywhere close to the critical flood elevation in the Schuylkill River and probabilities are low for elevation in the Delaware River above about 5 feet, the resulting return intervals for the critical flood elevation were much lower when joint probabilities were considered. The resulting estimated current probability for the critical flood elevation at Vine Street was reduced to about 10-years. Adding climate change to the current estimates of flood probability were also projected using estimates of changes to extreme rainfall and runoff in the river watershed coupled with sea level rise effects on storm surge probability. This caused a further reduction by mid-century to return intervals for the critical flood elevation of less than 5-years, and end-of-century projections of annual flooding. Because of the relatively high probability of a reoccurrence of flooding at Vine Street, protective measures are being investigated. With climate change affecting both the Delaware River water levels as well as the extreme discharges from the upstream Schuylkill River, ignoring the joint probability of flooding and trends related to climate change can result in an increasing underestimation of flood risk over time. Flood probability estimates are needed to make key decisions about current and future risk of flooding to plan and design flood protection measures for critical infrastructure. The results of this study illustrate the importance of considering both compound causes and the changing probabilities of flood elevations due to multiple climate impacts. . These estimates provide a good basis to calculate depth-damage functions and annualized losses over time to assess the benefit cost ratio of potential protection measures to avoid flooding of Vine Street in the future.

Purpose: This presentation aims to share recent advancements in real-time decision support systems (RT-DSS) for combined sewer overflow (CSO) compliance driven by new technology and changing regulatory drivers. It focuses on lessons learned for US utilities from tightening CSO regulations in the UK, particularly in the rapid deployment of a city-wide Smart Network system in Newcastle, UK. Benefits of Presentation: The learning objectives include an understanding of common implementation steps for RT-DSS (sensor network, modeling, control, and forecasting), novel project delivery methods, and a comparison of CSO regulations and utility organization in the US and UK. Background: Recently, the UK has tightened CSO regulations at a rapid pace. To meet these regulations, Northumbrian Water Limited, a UK-based utility, decided to explore the use of RT-DSS to reduce the volume and number of CSO occurrences in a sewer system serving a large city with approximately 1 million population, 5,600 miles of sewers, a single 165 MGD treatment facility, and about 300 CSO discharge points. An RT-DSS uses a combination of over 900 sensors to determine the real-time state of critical assets, a digital twin to forecast future scenarios, and an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal control strategy to mitigate overflows. This case study will present the life cycle of a machine-learning powered planning and design of the RT-DSS including sensor placement, network constraint analysis, control locations, and cost-benefit analysis. It also shows how a combination of low-level regional control logic and high-level global strategy optimization are used to deliver an operator-friendly yet highly optimal and robust control system. The Smart Network system is expected to reduce the volume of spills by 284,000 m3 per storm event and reduced the cost of achieving this reduction by 94%. Status of Completion: The Northumbrian Water Limited case study on the Newcastle upon Tyne system is ongoing. More than 800 monitors have been deployed, and one real-time control site, Browns Point Sewage Pump Station, has been implemented and is dynamically balancing flow between Howdon Sewage Treatment Works and the 19,000 m3 Storm Tunnel. Five additional sites will be live by the end of Q1, 2025, and the system will have a total of up to 31 control sites online by the end of 2026. The web-based platform used by operators for control strategy recommendations is already in use. Conclusion: Real-time control can provide quick wins for utilities on a tight timeline to meet regulatory requirements. Longer term, RT-DSS can provide sustained improvements when coupled with new green and gray infrastructure projects.

Introduction: Evolving stormwater regulations, increasing urban development, and the accelerating impacts of climate change have led to a pressing need for innovative stormwater management solutions. The Ford Motor Company, addressing these challenges, incorporated a state-of-the-art 'smart' stormwater management system as part of its 10-year transformation of the Research & Engineering Center (REC) in Dearborn, Michigan. This project integrates advanced technologies, community partnerships, and sustainable design principles to improve stormwater management efficiency and environmental outcomes. This paper details the challenges, solutions, and results associated with implementing the smart stormwater management system within this complex redevelopment project. Project Overview: The redevelopment of Ford's 320-acre campus aimed to create a centralized and sustainable environment for its employees. A cornerstone of the redevelopment is the innovative stormwater management system designed to address regional issues of stormwater capacity and quality while protecting critical facilities from flooding during storm events. This system provides over 2 million cubic feet of storage through a network of interconnected components, including detention ponds, storage chambers, combined sewers repurposed for storm sewer conveyance and storage, and green infrastructure features including bioswales. The pipes include over a half mile of storage via repurposed City of Dearborn combined sewers, which historically served the Ford campus and the community. Through the system, stormwater is detained and conveyed to a pump station that diverts flow to a wet detention pond, called P-1 (Figure 1), for treatment and storage. These features, combined with the integration of a type of stormwater real-time control called continuous monitoring and adaptive control (CMAC), optimize stormwater storage and reduce downstream impacts. Stormwater Management Design and Analysis and Sewer Separation: Designing a stormwater management system that seamlessly ties into Dearborn's combined sewer system and increases overall capacity in compliance with the City of Dearborn, the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA), and State Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) requirements was complex. The City has refined their storage requirements and discharge rates over the years due to increased development and flooding issues. However, the size of Ford's campus made meeting those requirements a major hurdle because development standards are established for sites typically 5 acres or less. Collaborating with the City, Wade Trim completed a historical drainage study and hydraulic modeling to demonstrate area runoff rates before Ford's campus was built. The study revealed that post-development discharge rates, required to meet historical rates, would total 0.55 cfs/acre, significantly improving the current runoff rate of 3 cfs/acre runoff from the campus for a 100-year storm event prior to the Ford DCT kickoff. In addition, connection points to the City's system were analyzed using the Dearborn-wide combined sewer network model to show there was a decrease in upstream tailwater conditions, further minimizing upstream flooding risks. Separating and repurposing combined sewer as stormwater storage posed design and construction challenges due to the high number of sewer connections and lack of historical documentation of existing utilities. Utility location methods included ground penetrating radar, survey, all materials locators, and hydro excavation. When existing utilities were unearthed or new utilities installed, radio-frequency identification markers were buried and documented in a 3D model tied to a GIS system. Video inspection and smoke-and-dye testing were used to identify and confirm sewer laterals and leads. Laterals with existing sanitary flows were diverted to new, dedicated sanitary mains. In lower elevation areas, sanitary lift stations were installed to handle buildings' existing sewer outlets. In addition, a permanent flume was installed under Military Road to convey the sanitary and existing offsite combined flows through the large storm sewer being used for storage and conveyance. Linear stormwater trenches along new roadways using haydite, a porous aggregate material, were also incorporated to help treat stormwater filtering to perforated storm sewer. CMAC System Implementation: Ford's CMAC system, operational since December 2023, represents Michigan's first private-sector deployment of adaptive stormwater management technology. The system utilizes real-time water level data, weather forecasts, and an automated valve to dynamically manage water levels in the P-1 Pond. By preemptively drawing down to create storage capacity ahead of storm events, the CMAC system minimizes discharge and maximizes retention, reducing strain on downstream combined sewer systems and enhancing flood resilience (Thomasson & Marchese, 2022). Performance Analysis and Results: The performance of the P-1 Pond system was analyzed over a one-year period, from December 1, 2023, to December 1, 2024 (Table 1). Key metrics include retention efficiency, peak discharge reduction, and system reliability. Observed results were compared with a modeled passive system to highlight the benefits of the adaptive control approach. Retention Efficiency: The CMAC system retained 111 acre-feet of inflow (82%), compared to 57 acre-feet (42%) for the passive model, effectively doubling retention capacity. —Peak Discharge Reduction: CMAC significantly reduced peak discharges across varying storm sizes. For example, during a 1.5-inch storm event on April 11, 2024, the system demonstrated dynamic modulation, as shown in the operational dashboard (Figure 2). The system created pre-event storage capacity, managed inflow during the storm, and retained remaining water below the passive weir threshold. —Operational Reliability: The system achieved 99% connectivity and operated in automatic mode 95.4% of the time, ensuring consistent performance and minimal manual intervention. Conclusions: The project's success underscores the transformative potential of integrating smart technologies into stormwater management. By leveraging innovative design and adaptive controls, Ford's P-1 Pond system not only enhances campus resilience but also benefits the surrounding community. The repurposing of City of Dearborn combined sewers exemplifies effective public-private collaboration, advancing municipal goals while protecting local water resources. By sharing these results, this project provides a scalable model for other organizations to optimize stormwater management, enhance environmental stewardship, and foster community resilience.

Buried sewer force main failures occur periodically and primarily due to pipe material degradation or contractor damage events. Failure and damage events require prompt action to minimize environmental impacts and to return the force main to service. Challenges associated with sewer force main failures are driven by environmental and operational factors specific to the location within their respective system. In August 2024, HRSD experienced a damage event resulting from the alleged theft of a bulldozer from a nearby construction site that was driven through an easement unsuitable for heavy machinery. Due to marshy soil conditions within the easement and the limited cover along the interceptor force main alignment, the steel tracks of the 35,000-lb dozer were wrapped circumferentially around an essential 42-inch PCCP force main raising concern for imminent failure in an area with limited accessibility to perform repairs. This event triggered immediate action requiring prompt emergency preparation and planning as well as engineering and construction support to mitigate the following challenges: - emergency sequencing / planning - stakeholder coordination - site constraints and equipment access - limiting environmental impacts - repair material resourcing / transition - unfavorable soil conditions - system isolation and bypass / pipe repair design (limited planning) - existing pipeline protection - dozer removal procedures HRSD staff worked closely with their engineer and contractor to address these challenges, safely remove the dozer, and perform the necessary repairs within an expedited time frame by utilizing a design-build approach due to unknown conditions.

Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of the applications and bene-fits of the StormWise (previously called ICPR4) hydrologic and hydraulic model software. This software originates in Florida but is continuously used nation-wide for stormwater planning and design projects, including in Texas. The software includes the option for integrated 1D or 2D sur-face water hydraulics in combination with a 2D groundwater framework. An overview of the soft-ware will be provided, along with multiple stormwater-related projects, including stormwater master planning and green infrastructure siting, coastal compound flooding, long-term climate assessments, and continuous hydroperiod assessments of wetland restorations. In this presentation we will argue in support of a dynamic 2D groundwater component for certain stormwater ap-plications, such as looking at compound flooding in coastal communities (as sea-levels rise, so do groundwater) and long-term continuous simulations including evapotranspiration. Our presentation will begin with an overview of stormwater and H&H modeling, including more commonly used software such as HEC-RAS, SWMM, and InfoWorks ICM, including integrated or coupled models and how they can account for groundwater. Challenges will be identified with these software, especially within the nexus of industry trends. Projects that call for continuous simulations, long-term climate analysis, wetland restoration and green stormwater infrastructure design all have clear benefits with knowing how the groundwater and surface water will change over time and due to a proposed project. Finally, we will provide project examples that success-fully utilized the software and offer benefits and challenges. Benefits: This presentation will provide a unique, yet highly relevant, overview of a software's capabilities to both Texas-based and national stormwater professionals. As our profession advances, the tools we use to analyze and alleviate stormwater and flooding problems are constantly evolving. 2D surface water modeling is becoming a more common and readily available option, but inclusion of 2D groundwater hydraulics is still relatively new and underutilized. The goal of the presentation is to provide project examples of how a 2D surface water - groundwater model can improve our understanding of stormwater management. The audience should walk away from this presentation with a solid foundation of integrated surface water & groundwater modeling and be able to identify projects and stormwater management issues that could benefit from this type of advanced analysis. Status of Completion: The presentation will provide an overview of an existing software and will then provide project examples to highlight the applications where it provides the most benefits. Many of the example projects are completed, but some are on-going at the time of this abstract. Project are wide ranging in both location and authority, including state water management districts, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the National Resource Conservation Service, and multiple counties and municipalities. Conclusion: Advanced forms of H&H modeling, such as integrated surface water & groundwater models, have clear benefits to improve certain stormwater management projects and problems. This presentation intends to shed light on the software and provide tools and examples for the audience.

Wastewater collection and treatment systems play a crucial role in safeguarding public health and environmental integrity. Among the myriad of challenges faced by these facilities, odor issues have traditionally received significant attention due to their negative impact on the community. As customers and community residents complain about odors, utility leaders and local politicians often implement measures to maintain quality of life for those stakeholders. However, since most wastewater odors are related to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and since H2S is the major contributor to wastewater infrastructure corrosion, the correlation between foul odors and corrosion of critical components within wastewater systems is strong. Measures taken to prevent release of odors don't necessarily address corrosive H2S levels within the infrastructure. However, measures taken to control corrosion almost always simultaneously reduce odors to acceptable levels. Therefore, an odor complaint is an opportunity to identify and protect at-risk infrastructure. This paper discusses the reactions in a collection system that can result in odors and corrosion, reviews mitigation methods for odors and corrosion, and presents a case history of a utility that has observed the benefits of a corrosion-focused mitigation program. Wastewater is a complex and ever-changing medium. The mixture of organic and inorganic substances, along with bacterial populations and debris such as rags, grit, and other materials, creates an environment where chemical and biochemical reactions continually occur. Thus, wastewater that enters a collection system will have a different composition when it arrives downstream at the treatment facility. It is important to recognize collection system water quality changes and address them to minimize adverse impacts. H2S is an odorous and dangerous gas. In addition to causing odor and safety concerns, it also leads to the formation of sulfuric acid which can cause severe corrosion and premature failure of wastewater infrastructure. H2S is rarely contributed to the collection system via collected flows & it is usually formed in the collection system bioreactor. Once formed, H2S presents safety risks for utility personnel, corrosion risk from sulfuric acid production, and odor risk from its distinctive rotten egg smell. There are four main factors that contribute to H2S in wastewater collection systems: wastewater dissolved sulfide concentration, wastewater pH, turbulence, and wastewater temperature. The paper reviews each of these factors in detail. Consideration during design can reduce sulfide generation and enhance the overall sustainability of the collection and treatment system. The paper discusses the following design topics: limit anaerobic conditions, minimize and enforce pretreatment, design for the growth curve, design for a corrosive environment, and targeted ventilation. A case history of Manatee County Utilities (MCU) is presented. MCU's historical approach to collection system design and operation has focused on hydraulics and odor control. The utility has operated a robust odor control program since the 1980s using both chemical dosing and ventilation to achieve odor control objectives. In 2018, MCU expanded the focus of the odor control program to include infrastructure protection via corrosion control. This involved a closer examination of the collection system bioreactions and new control strategies. The paper will discuss the strategies employed by MCU and present the results of the program.