Successful controlled microbiome-shift into densified biomass in continuous flow bioreactors for biological nutrient removal

This paper reports a full-scale experiment of activated sludge densification by hydrocyclone where the conventional activated sludge was successfully turned into a purposely controlled partial granulation process. The paper proposes a definition of densified sludge together with new possible design engineering guidelines, beyond conventional activated sludge admitted practices, which are now possible with the densified sludge. The later having extremely stable and enhanced settling property. It also explores the concept of biological architecture, where function and form are causally linked through novel approaches of process engineering.