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FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)
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Description: Book cover
FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)

FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)

FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)

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Description: Book cover
FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)
Abstract
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) is located on the western shore of Lake Superior in Duluth, Minnesota. Five years ago, the WLSSD undertook a major change in its biosolids program, shifting from sludge co-incineration with solid waste to temperature phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) and land application. The WLSSD wastewater treatment plant treats average flows of 162 million liters/day (43 million gallons/day). A majority of the loading to the plant's liquid stream treatment system, oxygen activated sludge, comes from paper mill wastewater making the waste activated sludge higher in poorly-degradable volatile solids than conventional municipal sludge for anaerobic digestion. In addition, all influent flow goes directly to the oxygen activated sludge system without primary treatment, contributing to the lower-than-typical digest-ability of the sludge. Pilot studies conducted on the sludge prior to commencing design indicated that the TPAD process could achieve significantly higher volatile solids destruction than conventional mesophilic digestion and produce a well-stabilized product suitable for land application.Following initial positive results from pilot work, the TPAD system was recommended and the new facility was designed, built, and went on line in May 2001. TPAD incorporates thermophilic and mesophilic digesters operated in series. The TPAD process biogas is captured and used for plant and digester heating. Biosolids are dewatered by new centrifuges, achieving an average of 27 percent solids prior to land application. The TPAD process at WLSSD utilizes a single, one-million-gallon (MG) thermophilic digester that receives all raw waste activated sludge, thickened to 5.0 to 6.5 percent, followed by three, one-million-gallon, mesophilic digesters operating in parallel. The nominal design hydraulic residence times are 5 days for the thermophilic digester and 15 days for the mesophilic digesters.The thermophilic digester is heated by the plant heating system, supplied by dual-fuel, lowpressure, steam boilers. All digester gas is used in the boiler system for plant and process heating. A heat recovery system is used to cool the thermophilic sludge prior to being fed to the mesophilic digesters. Recovered heat is used for building heating except during the warm summer months when it is routed to a cooling tower.This paper presents the background and basic design elements of the system and focuses on the first 5 years of the TPAD system operation. The paper focuses on system organic and hydraulic loading rates (OLR and HRT), volatile solids destruction (VSR), volatile acid production (VA), ammonia concentrations, system stability, pathogen destruction, gas production and quality, and other basic digestion performance parameters. Performance variation with variable liquid stream treatment solids retention time (SRT) and temperature are discussed. Performance and information on mechanical systems are also discussed.
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) is located on the western shore of Lake Superior in Duluth, Minnesota. Five years ago, the WLSSD undertook a major change in its biosolids program, shifting from sludge co-incineration with solid waste to temperature phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) and land application. The WLSSD wastewater treatment plant treats average flows of 162 million...
Author(s)
Steve KrugelAl ParrellaKerry EllquistKathy Hamel
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
SubjectSession 6: Stabilization Technologies
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Jan, 2007
ISSN1938-6478
SICI1938-6478(20070101)2007:3L.390;1-
DOI10.2175/193864707787976047
Volume / Issue2007 / 3
Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids Conference
First / last page(s)390 - 406
Copyright2007
Word count456

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Description: Book cover
FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)
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Description: Book cover
FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)
Abstract
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) is located on the western shore of Lake Superior in Duluth, Minnesota. Five years ago, the WLSSD undertook a major change in its biosolids program, shifting from sludge co-incineration with solid waste to temperature phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) and land application. The WLSSD wastewater treatment plant treats average flows of 162 million liters/day (43 million gallons/day). A majority of the loading to the plant's liquid stream treatment system, oxygen activated sludge, comes from paper mill wastewater making the waste activated sludge higher in poorly-degradable volatile solids than conventional municipal sludge for anaerobic digestion. In addition, all influent flow goes directly to the oxygen activated sludge system without primary treatment, contributing to the lower-than-typical digest-ability of the sludge. Pilot studies conducted on the sludge prior to commencing design indicated that the TPAD process could achieve significantly higher volatile solids destruction than conventional mesophilic digestion and produce a well-stabilized product suitable for land application.Following initial positive results from pilot work, the TPAD system was recommended and the new facility was designed, built, and went on line in May 2001. TPAD incorporates thermophilic and mesophilic digesters operated in series. The TPAD process biogas is captured and used for plant and digester heating. Biosolids are dewatered by new centrifuges, achieving an average of 27 percent solids prior to land application. The TPAD process at WLSSD utilizes a single, one-million-gallon (MG) thermophilic digester that receives all raw waste activated sludge, thickened to 5.0 to 6.5 percent, followed by three, one-million-gallon, mesophilic digesters operating in parallel. The nominal design hydraulic residence times are 5 days for the thermophilic digester and 15 days for the mesophilic digesters.The thermophilic digester is heated by the plant heating system, supplied by dual-fuel, lowpressure, steam boilers. All digester gas is used in the boiler system for plant and process heating. A heat recovery system is used to cool the thermophilic sludge prior to being fed to the mesophilic digesters. Recovered heat is used for building heating except during the warm summer months when it is routed to a cooling tower.This paper presents the background and basic design elements of the system and focuses on the first 5 years of the TPAD system operation. The paper focuses on system organic and hydraulic loading rates (OLR and HRT), volatile solids destruction (VSR), volatile acid production (VA), ammonia concentrations, system stability, pathogen destruction, gas production and quality, and other basic digestion performance parameters. Performance variation with variable liquid stream treatment solids retention time (SRT) and temperature are discussed. Performance and information on mechanical systems are also discussed.
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) is located on the western shore of Lake Superior in Duluth, Minnesota. Five years ago, the WLSSD undertook a major change in its biosolids program, shifting from sludge co-incineration with solid waste to temperature phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) and land application. The WLSSD wastewater treatment plant treats average flows of 162 million...
Author(s)
Steve KrugelAl ParrellaKerry EllquistKathy Hamel
SourceProceedings of the Water Environment Federation
SubjectSession 6: Stabilization Technologies
Document typeConference Paper
PublisherWater Environment Federation
Print publication date Jan, 2007
ISSN1938-6478
SICI1938-6478(20070101)2007:3L.390;1-
DOI10.2175/193864707787976047
Volume / Issue2007 / 3
Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids Conference
First / last page(s)390 - 406
Copyright2007
Word count456

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Steve Krugel# Al Parrella# Kerry Ellquist# Kathy Hamel. FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD). Alexandria, VA 22314-1994, USA: Water Environment Federation, 2018. Web. 2 Jul. 2025. <https://www.accesswater.org?id=-294418CITANCHOR>.
Steve Krugel# Al Parrella# Kerry Ellquist# Kathy Hamel. FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD). Alexandria, VA 22314-1994, USA: Water Environment Federation, 2018. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-294418CITANCHOR.
Steve Krugel# Al Parrella# Kerry Ellquist# Kathy Hamel
FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATION – A REPORT ON NORTH AMERICA'S FIRST NEW TEMPERATURE PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM AT THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR SANITARY DISTRICT (WLSSD)
Access Water
Water Environment Federation
December 22, 2018
July 2, 2025
https://www.accesswater.org/?id=-294418CITANCHOR