Disinfection Alternatives and Sustainability: Optimization of Energy Usage, Disinfection Effectiveness and Sustainability

A safe and adequate supply of disinfected drinking water and some method of wastewater treatment (including disinfection of pathogens) or disposal are critical components to maintaining an acceptable quality of life. As a result, drinking (potable) water treatment, storage and distribution systems and wastewater collection and treatment systems are critical infrastructure components in the developed world that ensure public health and environmental protection. Both of these critical infrastructure systems require some form of disinfection unit process for public health protection. The “3-S Design Concept” (Safety, Security and Sustainability) can be used to provide practical guidance for the design and operation of sustainable disinfection processes and treatment systems in today's economic environment and do so in a manner that embraces sustainability for future generations.