Reclaimed Water for Data Center Direct Evaporative Cooling Systems

Data centers have significant cooling water demands which are conventionally met using potable water. When available, use of reclaimed water can alleviate stress on freshwater sources. Since most data centers use direct evaporative cooling (DEC) systems, challenges associated with the use of reclaimed water need to be addressed. This paper explores strategies to utilize reclaimed water in data center DEC systems, relieving water stress from ecosystems and communities while (1) mitigating potential risks, (2) utilizing innovative and efficient pre-treatment systems for effective implementation, and (3) assessing relevant regulatory pathways. Case studies of utilities that provide reclaimed water to data centers for use in DEC, and case studies of existing reclaimed water facilities that could partner with data centers to implement these systems are also provided.