Energy Intensity From the Ground Up: A Regional Water & Power System Assessment

This paper presents results of a project that examined the water systems in the Sacramento Region to assess opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Readily available data and agency information was analysed to determine energy intensities, load profiles and other baseline energy data for water systems in the Sacramento Region. The study team found that energy intensity of the region’s water supply is approximately 281 kWh/ML (1,062 kWh/MG) and for individual agencies range from 82 - 628 kWh/ML (312 - 2,379 kWh/MG), notably higher than previously calculated. Groundwater or sources that require water treatment tend to have higher energy intensities, mostly the result of well pumping-related energy demand or treatment technologies used. Peak water demand occurs during the summer, coinciding with peak energy demands in the region. To meet summer peak demand, pumping and diversions increase significantly, driving the energy intensity of the region’s water systems higher during this time period. Analysing the drivers associated with the energy intensities, the study team found numerous opportunities to increase water and energy efficiency in the region lower associated GHGs. SMUD is using this information to leverage funding opportunities and better inform conservation, efficiency, and renewable program investment decisions.