Scaling-up Step-by-Step and AOP Investment Decision

While the ultimate goal is to use proven Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), there are many universal challenges agencies face when it comes to selecting AOP. Although no two processes are ever completely the same, the methodologies, tools, and facilities are often similar. For AOP, challenges include water matrix parameters and process kinetics which can result in process failures in terms of design implications and most importantly product water quality. The use of a scale-up approach consisting of bench scale testing, pilot testing and scale-up technics provides a decision support tool to select the AOP by investigating trade-offs between conflicting objectives.The City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works (DPW) Bureau of Sanitation (LASAN) is expanding Terminal Island Water Reclamation Plant (TIWRP) Advanced Water Purification Facility (AWPF). The AWPF Ultimate Expansion will increase the advanced water purification treatment of tertiary effluent from 15.77 m3/min (6.0 mgd) to 31.55 m3/min (12 mgd), which will be delivered to areas of need throughout Los Angeles. The AWPF Ultimate Expansion will include an additional microfiltration (MF) system, a reverse osmosis (RO) system and an AOP system, a 7,570 m3 (2.0 mg) tertiary effluent equalization tank upstream of the AWPF and a set of upgrades to the existing pumping stations and chemical addition system and utilities. The additional purified water will be distributed to Dominguez Gap Barrier, Machado Lake, Harbor Generating Station, Harbor Irrigation, and industrial users. The recycled water will replace and reduce the use of potable water.This paper will identify scaling up step-by-step approach and decisions and challenges encountered in demonstrating the effectiveness of scale up techniques to allow an AOP technology to be implemented and permitted in full compliance with the California Department of Drinking Water (DDW) Groundwater Replenishment Reuse Regulations (GRRRs; DDW, 2014).